Alteration of postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations with meal frequency and composition

作者：K****ey Jill A^*; Heden Timothy D; Liu Ying; Fairchild Timothy J

来源：British Journal of Nutrition, 2014, 112(9): 1484-1493.

DOI：10.1017/S0007114514002128

• Meal test
• Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
• Obesity
• Frequent feeding
• Insulin secretion

A frequent eating pattern may alter glycaemic control and augment postprandial insulin concentrations in some individuals due to the truncation of the previous postprandial period by a subsequent meal. The present study examined glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) responses in obese individuals when meals were ingested in a high-frequency pattern (every 2 h, 6M) or in a low-frequency pattern (every 4 h, 3M) over 12 h. It also examined these postprandial responses to high-frequency, high-protein meals (6M(HP)). In total, thirteen obese subjects completed three 12 h study days during which they consumed 6276 kJ (1500 kcal): (1) 3M - 15% protein and 65% carbohydrate; (2) 6M - 15% protein and 65% carbohydrate; (3) 6M(HP) - 45% protein and 35% carbohydrate. Blood samples were collected every 10 min and analysed for glucose, insulin, C-peptide and GIP. Insulin total AUC (tAUC) and peak insulin concentrations (P%26lt;0.05) were higher in the 3M condition than in the 6M condition, but there were no differences in glucose tAUC between the conditions. The 6M(HP) regimen (glucose: 3569 (SE 83) mmol/l x min (64.3 (SE 1.5) g/dl x min), insulin: 1.577 (SE 0.146) pmol/l (22.7 (SE 2.1) mu IU/dl) for 12 h) lowered glucose and insulin excursions more so over 12 h than either the 3M regimen (glucose: 3913 (SE 78) mmol/l x min (70.5 (SE 1.4) g/dl x min), insulin: 2.195 (SE 0.146) pmol/l x min (31.6 (SE 2.1) mu IU/dl x min) for 12 h) or the 6M regimen (glucose: 3902 (SE 83) mmol/l x min (70.3 (SE 1.5) g/dl x min), insulin: 1.861 (SE 0.174) pmol/l x min (26.8 (SE 2.5) mu IU/dl x min) for 12 h; P%26lt;0.01). Insulin secretion, GIP concentrations and the glucose: insulin ratio were not altered by meal frequency or composition. In obese subjects, ingestion of meals in a low-frequency pattern does not alter glucose tAUC, but increases postprandial insulin responses. The substitution of carbohydrates with protein in a frequent meal pattern results in tighter glycaemic control and reduced postprandial insulin responses.

• 出版日期2014-11-14