Dosing Clopidogrel Based on CYP2C19 Genotype and the Effect on Platelet Reactivity in Patients With Stable Cardiovascular Disease

作者：Mega Jessica L^*; Hochholzer Willibald; Frelinger Andrew L III; Kluk Michael J; Angiolillo Dominick J; Kereiakes Dean J; Isserman Steven; Rogers William J; Ruff Christian T; Contant Charles; Pencina Michael J; Scirica Benjamin M; Longtine Janina A; Michelson Alan D; Sabatine Marc S

来源：JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 2011, 306(20): 2221-2228.

DOI：10.1001/jama.2011.1703

Context Variants in the CYP2C19 gene influence the pharmacologic and clinical response to the standard 75-mg daily maintenance dose of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel.
Objective To test whether higher doses (up to 300 mg daily) improve the response to clopidogrel in the setting of loss-of-function CYP2C19 genotypes.
Design, Setting, and Patients ELEVATE-TIMI 56 was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial that enrolled and genotyped 333 patients with cardiovascular disease across 32 sites from October 2010 until September 2011.
Interventions Maintenance doses of clopidogrel for 4 treatment periods, each lasting approximately 14 days, based on genotype. In total, 247 noncarriers of a CYP2C19*2 loss-of-function allele were to receive 75 and 150 mg daily of clopidogrel (2 periods each), whereas 86 carriers (80 heterozygotes, 6 homozygotes) were to receive 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg daily.
Main Outcome Measures Platelet function test results (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein [VASP] phosphorylation and VerifyNow P2Y(12) assays) and adverse events.
Results With 75 mg daily, CYP2C19*2 heterozygotes had significantly higher on-treatment platelet reactivity than did noncarriers (VASP platelet reactivity index [PRI]: mean, 70.0%; 95% CI, 66.0%-74.0%, vs 57.5%; 95% CI, 55.1%-59.9%, and VerifyNow P2Y(12) reaction units[PRU]: mean, 225.6; 95% CI, 207.7-243.4, vs 163.6; 95% CI, 154.4-173.9; P < .001 for both comparisons). Among CYP2C19*2 heterozygotes, doses up to 300 mg daily significantly reduced platelet reactivity, with VASPPRI decreasing to 48.9%(95% CI, 44.6%-53.2%) and PRU to 127.5(95% CI, 109.9-145.2) (P < .001 for trend across doses for both). Whereas 52% of CYP2C19*2 heterozygotes were nonresponders (>= 230 PRU) with 75 mg of clopidogrel, only 10% were nonresponders with 225 or 300 mg(P < .001 for both). Clopidogrel, 225 mg daily, reduced platelet reactivity in CYP2C19*2 heterozygotes to levels achieved with standard clopidogrel, 75 mg, in noncarriers (mean ratios of platelet reactivity, VASP PRI, 0.92; 90% CI, 0.85-0.99, and PRU, 0.94; 90% CI, 0.84-1.04). In CYP2C19*2 homozygotes, even with 300 mg daily of clopidogrel, mean VASP PRI was 68.3% (95% CI, 44.9%-91.6%) and mean PRU, 287.0 (95% CI, 170.2-403.8).
Conclusion Among patients with stable cardiovascular disease, tripling the maintenance dose of clopidogrel to 225 mg daily in CYP2C19*2 heterozygotes achieved levels of platelet reactivity similar to that seen with the standard 75-mg dose in noncarriers; in contrast, for CYP2C19*2 homozygotes, doses as high as 300 mg daily did not result in comparable degrees of platelet inhibition.

• 出版日期2011-11-23