Monitoring of pCO(2) during ventilation

作者：Magnet F S^*; Windisch W; Storre J H

来源：Medizinische Klinik-Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, 2016, 11(3): 202-207.

DOI：10.1007/s00063-016-0150-3

• Lung diseases
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Acid-base balance
• Blood gas analysis
• Blood gas monitoring, transcutaneous

Respiratory insufficiency type 2 (ventilatory failure) is characterized by hypercapnia due to alveolar hypoventilation. Therefore, the monitoring of pCO(2) is essential for diagnostic and surveillance purposes. Various techniques which differ in the way of measurement (e.g., invasive/noninvasive, continuous/noncontinuous) and their indication are available. Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) as an invasive procedure is the gold standard procedure and is mostly used in emergency medicine or intensive care units (ICUs). Another method to evaluate pCO(2) is capillary blood gas analysis (CBG). Furthermore, endtidal pCO(2)-(PetCO(2)) and transcutaneous CO2-measurement (PtcCO(2)) are able to continuously and noninvasively monitor pCO(2). PetCO(2) is mostly used in the field of anesthesiology during general anesthesia and is integrated in many ventilators, also in ICUs. However, PetCO(2) is limited in monitoring pCO(2) in patients with lung disease and it is only reasonably usable in invasively ventilated patients. Transcutaneous pCO(2) (PtcCO(2)) is available as an alternative, especially in chronic respiratory failure and to diagnose hypoventilation in sleep-related breathing disorders, and it has substantial advantages in these indications compared to discontinuous measurements, e.g., blood gas analysis. The various methods to monitor pCO(2) are generally used synergistically in clinical practice.

• 出版日期2016-4