A 5.58 nW Crystal Oscillator Using Pulsed Driver for Real-Time Clocks

作者：Yoon Dongmin^*; Jang Taekwang; Sylvester Dennis; Blaauw David

来源：IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2016, 51(2): 509-522.

DOI：10.1109/JSSC.2015.2501982

• Crystal oscillator
• low power
• pulsed driver
• real-time clock
• wireless sensor node

A 5.58 nW real-time clock using a crystal oscillator is presented. In this circuit, the amplifier used in a traditional circuit is replaced with pulsed drivers. The pulse is generated with precise timing using a DLL. With this approach, an extremely low oscillation amplitude of 160 mV results in low-power operation. This low-amplitude oscillation is sustained robustly using additional supply voltages: a lower supply for the final drive stage and a higher supply used for pulses that drive the final drive stage, which ensures low ON-resistance necessary for reliable operation. The different supply levels are generated on-chip by a switched capacitor network (SCN) from a single supply. The circuit has been tested at different supply voltages and temperatures. It shows a minimum power consumption of 5.58 nW and power supply sensitivity of 30.3 ppm/V over supply voltage of 0.94-1.2 V, without degrading the crystal's temperature dependency: between -20 degrees C and 80 degrees C. Moreover, its performance as a real-time clock has been verified by measurement of an Allan deviation of 1.16 x 10(-8).

• 出版日期2016-2