Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of host defense peptides, clavanins and LL-37, in vitro: An endodontic perspective

作者：Lima Stella Maris F; Freire Mirna S; Gomes Ana Luisa O; Cantuaria Ana Paula C; Dutra Flavia Rodrigues P; Magalhaes Beatriz S; Sousa Mauricio Goncalves C; Migliolo Ludovico; Almeida Jeeser A; Franco Octavio L; Rezende Taia Maria B

来源：Peptides, 2017, 95: 16-24.

DOI：10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.005

• Candida albicans
• Cytokines
• Enterococcus faecalis
• Endodontics
• Host defense peptide

Endodontic treatment is mainly based on root canal disinfection and its failure may be motivated by microbial resistance. Endodontic therapy can be benefitted by host defense peptides (HDPs), which are multifunctional molecules that act against persistent infection and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activity of several HDPs, namely clavanin A, clavanin A modified (MO) and LL-37, compared to intracanal medication Ca(OH)(2). HDPs and Ca(OH)(2) were evaluated by: (1) antimicrobial assays against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faeccdis, (2) cytotoxicity assays and (3) cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 cells incubated with or without heat-killed (HK) C. albicans or E. faecalis combined or not with interferon-gamma. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established only for E. faecalis (LL-37, 57 mu M). Considering cytotoxicity, clavanin MO was able to reduce cell viability in many groups and demonstrated lowest LC50. The Ca(OH)2 up-regulated the production of MCP -1, TNF-alpha, IL-12 and IL-6 and down-regulated IL-l alpha, IL-10 and NO. Clavanins up-regulated the TNF-a and NO and down-regulated IL-10 production. LL-37 demonstrated up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-alpha production and down-regulation in IL-10 and NO production. In conclusion, LL-37 demonstrated better antibacterial potential. In addition, Ca(OH)(2) demonstrated a proinflammatory response, while the HDPs modulated the inflammatory response from non-interference with the active cytokines in the osteoclastogenesis process, probably promoting the health of periradicular tissues.

• 出版日期2017-9