Annual incidence of persistent proteinuria in the general population from Ibaraki annual urinalysis study

作者：Nagai Kei; Saito Chie; Watanabe Fumiyo; Ohkubo Reiko; Sato Chihiro; Kawamura Tetsuya; Uchida Kensuke; Hiwatashi Akira; Kai Hirayasu; Ishida Kumiko; Sairenchi Toshimi; Yamagata Kunihiro^*

来源：Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 2013, 17(2): 255-260.

DOI：10.1007/s10157-012-0692-5

• Urinalysis
• Chronic kidney disease
• Persistent proteinuria
• Risk factors

For a definitive diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, at least 2 consecutive positive results of proteinuria with an interval of %26gt; 3 months are required. However, most previous reports were based on single-screening data. %26lt;br%26gt;The subjects in this study were participants in an annual health examination held in Ibaraki, Japan, between 1993 and 2003. The follow-up duration with serial urinalysis for 3 years of patients who were negative for proteinuria in the initial year was 330,614 person-years in males and 687,381 person-years in females among 81,854 male and 155,256 female subjects. We evaluated the incidence and risk factor for the incidence of proteinuria and persistent proteinuria. %26lt;br%26gt;The annual incidence of proteinuria and persistent proteinuria was 1.31 and 0.33 % in males and 0.68 and 0.14 % in females. Among the subjects without hypertension and diabetes, the annual incidence was 0.81 and 0.16 % in males and 0.37 and 0.06 % in females, respectively. Risk analysis indicated that hypertension in males [hazard ratio (HR) 2.052] and females (2.477), diabetes in males (3.532) and females (3.534) and reduced renal function in males (3.097) and females (2.827) were significant positive risks for development of persistent proteinuria. %26lt;br%26gt;By annual urinalysis screening of the general population, 1 out of 303 male subjects and 1 out of 725 female subjects developed persistent proteinuria every year. Subjects with diabetes, hypertension and reduced renal function had a 2 or 3 times higher risk for the incidence of persistent proteinuria in both males and females.

• 出版日期2013-4