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摘要
This paper studies the functional connectivity (FC) of Indonesian and Chinese reading in Indonesian students in order to investigate the neural basis of second language processing and its relation to native language processing in late proficient alphabetic-logographic bilinguals. In our experiment, eight late proficient Indonesian-Chinese bilinguals were scanned with fMRI technique when they performed Indonesian and Chinese word reading and symbol viewing. Left-hemisphere fusiform (FG), inferior frontal cortex (Broca's area), posterior superior temporal cortex (Wernicke's area), primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) were selected as regions of interest (ROIs). The brain modulations during two reading tasks (main tasks) and symbols viewing task (control task) were studied with the ROI-wise and Voxel-wise method in REST, a software for functional connectivity analysis. The ROI-wise analysis showed that during two reading tasks, the values of FC on Broca's area-M1, M1-SMA and FG-Broca's area increased when compared with those in control tasks. ROI-wise analysis also demonstrated the Indonesian task specifically strengthened FC on Wernicke's area-FG, Wernicke's area-Broca's area and Wernicke's area-M1. Voxel-wise analysis illustrated that the values of FC on Broca's area with Wernicke's area, insula and putamen during Indonesian reading were higher than those during Chinese reading. These results suggest that Broca-M1-SMA is probably the essential pathway for reading irrespective of language. Both dorsal (FG-Wernicke-Broca) and ventral (FG-Broca) processing streams are involved in Indonesian reading while only ventral stream is engaged in Chinese reading, indicating adult Chinese learners whose native language is alphabetic language might transfer the function of ventral processing stream to accommodate the demands of Chinese reading.
