Developments in Time-Division Multiplexing of X-ray Transition-Edge Sensors

作者：Doriese W B^*; Morgan K M; Bennett D A; Denison E V; Fitzgerald C P; Fowler J W; Gard J D; Hays Wehle J P; Hilton G C; Irwin K D; Joe Y I; Mates J A B; O'Neil G C; Reintsema C D; Robbins N O; Schmidt D R; Swetz D S; Tatsuno H; Vale L R; Ullom J N

来源：Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2016, 184(1-2): 389-395.

DOI：10.1007/s10909-015-1373-z

• SQUID
• Transition-edge sensor
• Time-division multiplexer
• Microcalorimeter
• X-ray

Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a mature scheme for the readout of arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs). TDM is based on superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) current amplifiers. Multiple spectrometers based on gamma-ray and X-ray microcalorimeters have been operated with TDM readout, each at the scale of 200 sensors per spectrometer, as have several astronomical cameras with thousands of sub-mm or microwave bolometers. Here we present the details of two different versions of our TDM system designed to read out X-ray TESs. The first has been field-deployed in two 160-sensor (8 columns 20 rows) spectrometers and four 240-sensor (8 columns 30 rows) spectrometers. It has a three-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 320 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.41 Hz. The second, which is presently under development, has a two-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 160 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.19 Hz. Both quoted noise values are non-multiplexed and referred to the first-stage SQUID. In a demonstration of this new architecture, a multiplexed 1-column 32-row array of NIST TESs achieved average energy resolution of eV at 6 keV.

• 出版日期2016-7