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摘要
The present research work is a continuation of previous work in which the remedial effects of strawberry fruit pulp extract (Se) on the feto-gestational toxicities induced by fluoride ion (F) exposure were reported. Five experimental groups (n=10) of pregnant mice were treated, on the 6th-18th days of pregnancy, with: water only for a control group (C), 5 ppm F (5F), 10 ppm F (10F), 5 ppm F+0.2 mL Se 12 hourly by gavage (5F. Se), and 10 ppm F+0.2 mL Se 12 hourly by gavage (10F. Se). Fetuses were recovered from each group on the 18th day of pregnancy. The fetomorphometric measurements of density (Fd), head circumference (Hc), and the crown-rump (Cr), manus (Ma), paw (Pa), and tail (Tl) lengths were obtained. Statistical analysis of the data showed only slight variations (p <= 0.05) in the mean Fd among the groups (0.971 +/- 0.013mg/ml, 0.959 +/- 0.012, 1.027 +/- 0.011, 0.976 +/- 0.015, and 1.039 +/- 0.014, respectively, for the C, 5F, 10F, 5F. Se, and 10F. Se groups). The mean Hc (2.576 +/-.026 cm), Crl (2.382 +/- 0.035 cm), Ma (0.628 +/- 0.02 cm), Pa (0.554 +/- 0.012 cm), and Tl (1.010 +/-.019 cm) in the C group were significantly (p <= 0.05) higher than in the other groups. The means of these parametric values for the 10F group (1.774 +/- 0.066, 1.659 +/- 0.01, 0.361 +/- 0.014, 0.405 +/- 0.014, and 0.689 +/- 0.011, respectively) were significantly less than in the 5F group (1.986 +/- 0.03, 1.939 +/- 0.02, 0.403 +/- 0.013, 0.477 +/- 0.01, and 0.774 +/- 0.02, respectively). The means of these parameters in the 5F. Se group (2.123 +/- 0.02, 2.193 +/- 0.027, 0.460 +/- 0.003, 0.508 +/- 0.001, and 0.858 +/- 0.005, respectively) and the 10F. Se group (2.117 +/- 0.025, 1.92 +/- 0.01, 0.427 +/- 0.002, 0.496 +/- 0.003, and 0.773 +/- 0.012, respectively) were significantly higher than in the 5F and 10F groups, respectively. The feto-morphological abnormalities seen in both the 5F and 10F groups included hydrocephaly, skewed neck, contorted hind limbs, kinky tail, and hind limb meromelia, while, in addition, microcephaly, open eyes, spina bifida, and gastroschisis were also seen in the 10F group fetuses. In general, the number of abnormal fetuses/litter was greater in the 10F group than in the 5F group and both the number of abnormal fetuses and the types of abnormalities were considerably decreased in the 5F. Se and 10F. Se groups compared to the 5F and 10F groups, respectively. The micro-anatomical defects observed in the 5F and 10F groups included diminished bronchiolar proliferation and alveolar emphysema in the fetal lungs along with only a vague distinction between the gray and white matter in the fetal spinal cord as compared to the C group fetuses where a high degree of development and differentiation was observed in the lungs and the spinal cord. Cotreatment with Se partially ameliorated the toxic effects of F exposure on the fetomorphological and morphometric parameters but not the micro-anatomical defects These findings indicate that F is a developmental toxicant in mice, with gestational exposure at 5 ppm or more, and that co-treatment with strawberry fruit pulp extract has the potential to curtail some of these manifestations of fetal toxicity.
- 出版日期2016-9
