摘要

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides information about the core-level binding energies and oxidation states of complexes. It can be used to identify the species and valence states of elements, measure the relative content of elements, investigate the interaction between ligands and central ions, and verify the results obtained by quantum chemistry theory. YPS has been found to be a powerful toot for identifying coordination site, evaluating charge redistribution, and characterizing geometry of complexes.