摘要

Let X be a set with vertical bar X vertical bar >= 3, T-X the full transformation semigroup on X, and E an equivalence relation on X. Let T-E(X) be the set of transformations f in T-X which preserve E, i.e., (x, y) is an element of E implies(f(x), f(y)) is an element of E. It is known that T-E(X) is a subsemigroup of T-X. In this paper, we describe the equivalence relations E so that the semigroup T-E(X) is abundant.