Allies, not aliens: increasing the role of local communities in marine protected area implementation

作者：Ferse Sebastian C A^*; Manez Costa Maria; Manez Kathleen Schwerdtner; Adhuri Dedi S; Glaser Marion

来源：Environmental Conservation, 2010, 37(1): 23-34.

DOI：10.1017/S0376892910000172

• adaptive management
• community-based management
• customary management
• emergent rules
• flexible zoning
• learning platforms
• livelihoods
• local knowledge
• marine protected areas
• temporal closure

Various management approaches have been proposed to address the alarming depletion of marine coastal resources. Prominent among them are community-based management and the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). The overall poor performance of MPAs can be traced to a failure to effectively include local communities in the design and implementation of relevant measures. Recent efforts have incorporated aspects of community-based management into a hybrid form of management, which ideally builds upon existing local management practices. A key challenge lies in the development of appropriate frameworks that allow for the successful participation of local communities in management. A review of studies on MPA design and community-based marine resource management and fieldwork observations provides suggestions on how to address current socioeconomic shortcomings in MPA design and implementation, successfully involving local communities in order to provide a better local basis for effective larger MPA networks. A combination of MPA tools as the formal frame and community-based natural resource management as the adaptive core that recognizes local communities as allies, not aliens, is needed to develop successful conservation approaches.