Drug Resistance in Non-B Subtype HIV-1: Impact of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

作者：Singh Kamalendra; Flores Jacqueline A; Kirby Karen A; Neogi Ujjwal; Sonnerborg Anders; Hachiya Atsuko; Das Kalyan; Arnold Eddy; McArthur Carole; Parniak Michael; Sarafianos Stefan G^*

来源：Viruses-Basel, 2014, 6(9): 3535-3562.

DOI：10.3390/v6093535

• HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
• HIV subtypes
• nucleoside RT inhibitors
• non-nucleoside RT inhibitors
• translocation defective RT inhibitors
• drug resistance

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes approximately 2.5 million new infections every year, and nearly 1.6 million patients succumb to HIV each year. Several factors, including cross-species transmission and error-prone replication have resulted in extraordinary genetic diversity of HIV groups. One of these groups, known as group M (main) contains nine subtypes (A-D, F-H and J-K) and causes similar to 95% of all HIV infections. Most reported data on susceptibility and resistance to anti-HIV therapies are from subtype B HIV infections, which are prevalent in developed countries but account for only similar to 12% of all global HIV infections, whereas non-B subtype HIV infections that account for similar to 88% of all HIV infections are prevalent primarily in low and middle-income countries. Although the treatments for subtype B infections are generally effective against non-B subtype infections, there are differences in response to therapies. Here, we review how polymorphisms, transmission efficiency of drug-resistant strains, and differences in genetic barrier for drug resistance can differentially alter the response to reverse transcriptase-targeting therapies in various subtypes.

• 出版日期2014-9