Processing of Manganese-Doped [Bi0.5Na0.5]TiO3 Ferroelectrics: Reduction and Oxidation Reactions During Calcination and Sintering

作者：Aksel Elena; Jakes Peter; Erdem Emre; Smyth Donald M; Ozarowski Andrew; van Tol Johan; Jones Jacob L; Eichelw Ruediger A^*

来源：Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2011, 94(5): 1363-1367.

DOI：10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04249.x

The effect of multivalent manganese doping on the defect structure is studied for the "lead-free" piezoelectric [Bi0.5Na0.5]TiO3 (BNT) by means of high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The results show that manganese is incorporated with di- and trivalent oxidation states on a titanium site, acting as an acceptor (Mn'(Ti), Mn ''(Ti)). In particular, it is demonstrated that during calcination at 800 degrees C the manganese functional centers are oxidized to Mn3+. Subsequent to the sintering at 1100 degrees C, part of the trivalent manganese centers are reduced back to the initial Mn2+-oxidation state.

• 出版日期2011-5