Differences in ocular findings in two siblings: one with complete and other with incomplete achromatopsia

作者：Ueno Shinji^*; Nakanishi Ayami; Sayo Akira; Kominami Taro; Ito Yasuki; Hayashi Takaaki; Tsunoda Kazushige; Iwata Takeshi; Terasaki Hiroko

来源：Documenta Ophthalmologica, 2017, 134(2): 141-147.

DOI：10.1007/s10633-017-9577-y

• Achromatopsia
• Incomplete achromatopsia
• Adaptive optics (AO) fundus image
• Cone mosaic
• Optical coherence tomography

Patients with complete achromatopsia (ACHM) lack cone function, and patients with incomplete ACHM have relatively good visual acuity with residual color vision. The pathological mechanism(s) underlying incomplete ACHM has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathophysiology of ACHM in two siblings: one with complete ACHM and the other with incomplete ACHM.
The medical charts of the two siblings were reviewed.
The sibling with incomplete ACHM had decimal visual acuities that ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 and had moderate color blindness in both eyes. Her younger brother was diagnosed with complete ACHM and was not able to hold fixation, had severe pendular nystagmus, visual acuity that ranged from 0.08 to 0.1, and severe color vision abnormalities in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that the ellipsoid zone (EZ) was disruptive in the macular region in both patients. However, careful examination of the OCT images in the incomplete ACHM patient showed a high-density EZ in the central fovea. Adaptive optics (AO) fundus imaging of the sibling with incomplete ACHM revealed sparse cone mosaics remaining within 1A degrees of the foveal center with no mosaics visible outside the central fovea. AO fundus imaging could not be performed in Case 2 because of the severe nystagmus.
Our results showed that cone mosaics were present in the central fovea in the sibling with incomplete ACHM patient. This may explain the better visual acuity and color vision in this sibling.

• 出版日期2017-4