科研之友
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摘要
Water stress and scarcity has become a major global concern in many cities. Water pricing policies based on residential water demand can contribute to economic and environmental goals, but may face social and political resistance. Whether minimum water requirements are met and whether residents can afford water tariff are two fundamental factors in the performance of water pricing policies. The extended linear expenditure system (ELES) is proposed to estimate the water tariff and basic water demand in Nanjing City using statistical data. Statistical tests are used to verify the reliability of the model and data. The calculated marginal propensity to consume water for the residents of Nanjing is relatively low (0.002). Water is a necessity for living that has low price elasticity (-0.428). The income elasticity of the residents with average incomes is not high (0.612). The actual water consumption for most residents exceeds the calculated basic demand for water (51 l/c/d).
