Urban energy exchanges monitoring from space

作者：Chrysoulakis Nektarios; Grimmond Sue; Feigenwinter Christian; Lindberg Fredrik; Gastellu Etchegorry Jean Philippe; Marconcini Mattia; Mitraka Zina; Stagakis Stavros; Crawford Ben; Olofson Frans; Landiers Lucas; Morrison William; Parlow Eberhard

来源：Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 11498.

DOI：10.1038/s41598-018-29873-x

One important challenge facing the urbanization and global environmental change community is to understand the relation between urban form, energy use and carbon emissions. Missing from the current literature are scientific assessments that evaluate the impacts of different urban spatial units on energy fluxes; yet, this type of analysis is needed by urban planners, who recognize that local scale zoning affects energy consumption and local climate. Satellite-based estimation of urban energy fluxes at neighbourhood scale is still a challenge. Here we show the potential of the current satellite missions to retrieve urban energy budget fluxes, supported by meteorological observations and evaluated by direct flux measurements. We found an agreement within 5% between satellite and in-situ derived net all-wave radiation; and identified that wall facet fraction and urban materials type are the most important parameters for estimating heat storage of the urban canopy. The satellite approaches were found to underestimate measured turbulent heat fluxes, with sensible heat flux being most sensitive to surface temperature variation (-64.1, +69.3 W m(-2) for +/- 2 K perturbation). They also underestimate anthropogenic heat fluxes. However, reasonable spatial patterns are obtained for the latter allowing hot-spots to be identified, therefore supporting both urban planning and urban climate modelling.

• 出版日期2018-7-31