Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, craving to smoke, and tobacco withdrawal symptoms in adult smokers with ADHD

作者：Berlin Ivan^*; Hu Mei Chen; Covey Lirio S; Winhusen Theresa

来源：Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2012, 124(3): 268-273.

DOI：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.019

• ADHD symptoms
• Nicotine withdrawal symptoms
• Craving to smoke
• Smoking cessation

Background: Tobacco withdrawal symptoms may be confounded with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among smokers with ADHD. %26lt;br%26gt;Objective: (1) To assess overlap between ADHD symptoms and tobacco/nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving; (2) to assess the relationship between craving or withdrawal symptoms and the effect of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) on ADHD symptoms; (3) to assess the association of ADHD symptoms, craving, and withdrawal symptoms with abstinence. %26lt;br%26gt;Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo controlled smoking cessation trial assessing the efficacy of OROS-MPH taken in addition to nicotine patch among individuals with ADHD. ADHD symptoms, withdrawal symptoms, and craving were assessed at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after a target quit day. %26lt;br%26gt;Results: Withdrawal symptoms and craving showed limited and modest overlap with ADHD symptoms prior to abstinence but more extensive and stronger correlation after quit day. Compared to placebo. OROS-MPH reduced ADHD symptoms; this effect was attenuated by controlling for withdrawal symptoms, but not by craving. Craving, but not ADHD symptoms and withdrawal symptoms, was associated with abstinence during the trial. %26lt;br%26gt;Conclusion: When treating smokers with ADHD (1) craving, rather than tobacco withdrawal symptoms or ADHD symptoms may be the more effective therapeutic smoking cessation targets; (2) careful distinction of craving, withdrawal symptoms, and ADHD symptoms when assessing withdrawal phenomena is needed.

• 出版日期2012-8-1