As-Needed Vs Immediate Etoposide Chemotherapy in Combination With Antiretroviral Therapy for Mild-to-Moderate AIDS-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma in Resource-Limited Settings: A5264/AMC-067 Randomized Clinical Trial

作者：Hosseinipour Mina C^*; Kang Minhee; Krown Susan E; Bukuru Aggrey; Umbleja Triin; Martin Jeffrey N; Orem Jackson; Godfrey Catherine; Hoagland Brenda; Mwelase Noluthando; Langat Deborah; Nyirenda Mulinda; MacRae John; Borok Margaret; Samaneka Wadzanai; Moses Agnes; Mngqbisa Rosie; Busakhala Naftali; Martinez Maza Otoniel; Ambinder Richard; Dittmer Dirk P; Nokta Mostafa; Campbell Thomas B

来源：Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2018, 67(2): 251-260.

DOI：10.1093/cid/ciy044

• Kaposi sarcoma
• HIV
• etoposide
• chemotherapy
• antiretroviral therapy

Background. Mild-to-moderate AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) often responds to antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone; the role of chemotherapy is unclear. We assessed the impact of immediate vs as-needed oral etoposide (ET) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with mild-to-moderate KS initiating ART.
Methods. Chemotherapy-naive, HIV type 1-infected adults with mild-to-moderate KS initiating ART in Africa and South America were randomized to ART (tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz) alone (chemotherapy "as-needed" arm) vs ART plus up to 8 cycles of oral ET (immediate arm). Participants with KS progression on ART alone received ET as part of the as-needed strategy. Primary outcome was ordinal as follows: failure, stable, and response at 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included time to initial KS progression, KS-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (KS-IRIS), and KS response.
Results. Of 190 randomized participants (as-needed=94, immediate=96), the majority were men (71%) and African (93%). Failure (53.8% vs 56.6%), stable (16.3% vs 10.8%), and response (30% vs 32.5%) did not differ between arms (as-needed vs immediate) among those with week 48 data potential (N=163, P=.91). Time to KS progression (P=.021), KS-IRIS (P=.003), and KS response (P=.003) favored the immediate arm. Twenty-five participants died (13%). Mortality, adverse events, CD4+ T-cell changes, and HIV RNA suppression were similar at 48 weeks.
Conclusions. Among HIV-infected adults with mild-to-moderate KS, immediate ET provided early, nondurable clinical benefits. By 48 weeks, no clinical benefit was observed compared to use of ET as needed. Mortality was high and tumor response was low.

• 出版日期2018-7-15