Amphetamine-related drugs neurotoxicity in humans and in experimental animals: Main mechanisms

作者：Moratalla Rosario; Khairnar Amit; Simola Nicola; Granado Noelia; Ruben Garcia Montes Jose; Porceddu Pier Francesca; Tizabi Yousef; Costa Giulia; Morelli Micaela

来源：Progress in Neurobiology, 2017, 155: 149-170.

DOI：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.011

• Dopamine
• Ecstasy
• Methamphetamine
• METH
• 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
• MDMA
• Mouse
• Neurodegeneration
• Neuroinflammation neurotoxicity
• Non-human primate
• Rat

Amphetamine-related drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine (METH), are popular recreational psychostimulants. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that, besides having the potential for abuse, amphetamine-related drugs may also elicit neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects. The neurotoxic potentials of MDMA and METH to dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons have been clearly demonstrated in both rodents and nonhuman primates. This review summarizes the species-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MDMA and METH-mediated neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects, along with the most important behavioral changes elicited by these substances in experimental animals and humans. Emphasis is placed on the neuropsychological and neurological consequences associated with the neuronal damage. Moreover, we point out the gap in our knowledge and the need for developing appropriate therapeutic strategies to manage the neurological problems associated with amphetamine-related drug abuse.

• 出版日期2017-8